These results suggest that (1) continuous TRF is most effective, (2) prior TRF effects last but vary depending on tissues, e.g., the resulting suppression on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance could last a couple of weeks even with obesogenic diets, and (3) the cessation of TRF does not heighten the metabolic risk compared with sustained obesity. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.