PIK3CA and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Additionally, another interesting study by Xuefang et al. [279] found miR-331-3p overexpression to markedly inhibit the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines (CNE-1 and 5-8F cells); it also promotes cell apoptosis via reduced expression of the transcription factor elF4B and thus the inhibition of phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signalling molecules.