Therefore, the purposes of this study were (1) to examine the associations of obesity-related pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, Adpn, IL-10, and IL-1ra) with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in high-risk Latino youth and (2) to examine the response of these inflammatory mediators to lifestyle intervention compared to usual care among high-risk Latino youth. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.