GDF-15 secretion inactivates tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TFM) by negative regulation of TGF-B activated kinase1 (TAK 1) that in response it downregulates NF-kB target genes expression, TNF (Transforming growth factor) and IONOS (Inducible nitric acid synthase) expression, absence causes incapability of macrophages to remove tumor cells [96]. Here, GDF15 is linked to neoplasm.