When activated by hyperglycemia, retinal hypoxia, ischemia and ER stress [51,52,53,54], these cells are classified as M1 macrophages and release pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and IL-12, TNF-α and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), known inducers of inflammation, apoptosis and neurotoxicity [55,56,57]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and Hyperglycemia.