Since the duration of ART use and variations in TREX-1 activity have been related to the development of autoantibodies, which can induce complications during HIV-1 infection, the present study performed a cross-sectional evaluation and longitudinal analysis to investigate the association between the presence of autoantibodies and the duration of ART use in people living with HIV-1. The gene discussed is TREX1; the disease is HIV-1 infection.