TLR4 and HIV-1 infection: It has been shown that the triggering of TLR2 and TLR4 in response to productive HIV-1 infection of DCs and viral spreading to CD4+ T cells exert contrasting effects, where HIV-1 transmission into CD4+ T cells was increased by TLR2 stimulation but transmission to CD4+ T cells was reduced upon TLR4 triggering [73].