TLR9 and HIV-1 infection: Prior addition of TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 agonists was shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (Figure 2B); TLR8 and TLR9 agonists were found to be more effective in blocking HIV-1 replication, along with the activation of other antiviral sensors [75].