Like changes in affinity in a manner dependent on PQBP1 length [10], AR polyQ length polymorphism is widely assumed to affect body composition, bone metabolism, psychiatric status, male sexual function and fertility, cardiovascular risk, the risk of prostate and testicular cancer, the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in females, as well as the risk of the neurodegenerative disease spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, also known as Kennedy disease) [29,30,31]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and testicular cancer.