To explain the influences of GM1 on AD and its progression, it has been suggested that a decrease in GM1 on neuronal cells activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to inhibit Aβ fibrillogenesis [212] and, in addition, GM1 can alleviate oxidative stresses to improve memory deficits in an AD rat model [213]. Here, AKT1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.