CHAT and Alzheimer disease: I.e., the cells successfully restored the brain ACh level by expressing the functional gene ChAT, thereby recovering memory function—such effects of F3.ChAT cells were also achieved in AD animal models, such as AF64A-induced cholinergic nerve injury and kainic acid-induced hippocampal injury rats [4,14], transgenic mice [16], as well as in aged mice [15].