Both sporadic and familial forms of PD are characterized by an initial and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons (DA) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) via a potentially substantial contribution from protein aggregates, the Lewy bodies (LB), mainly composed, among other factors, of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) [3], a protein responsible of regulating the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles in the brain. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.