HMOX1 and pemphigus foliaceus: Therefore, we hypothesized that ferroptosis may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in BLM-induced PF, and EMPA treatment may regulate ferroptosis to ameliorate PF partly by reducing lipid peroxidation, suppressing oxidative stress, enhancing GSH production, and increasing GPX4 levels via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.