KRAS and cancer: In the model for the study of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression to cancer, deficiency of the regulator ARID1A (AT-rich interaction domain 1A) triggers the expression of ALDH1A1, which enables KRAS-driven carcinogenesis by attenuating cellular senescence (KRAS stands for Kirsten oncogene of rat sarcoma, based on its original discovery) [30].