Given that Torin 2 is a potent inhibitor of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 that completely ablates the phosphorylation of NDRG1 (Thr346) (Figure 3), and that phospho-NDRG1 (Thr346) is resistant to rapamycin at all concentrations tested (Figure 4), these data indicate that mTOR in complex 2, but not complex 1, mediates the phosphorylation of NDRG1 (on Thr346) in ccRCC cells. Here, NDRG1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.