As a potent inflammatory cytokine, it could induce the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, all of which can lead to an inflammatory response in tissues and cells [73] and a significant increase in IL-17 in both the serum and joint fluid of RA patients relative to osteoarthritis [74]. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.