A study by Kajiyama et al. found that high levels of CXCL12 upregulated by TGF-β1 were accumulated in OC patient’s human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), which served as scaffolding for the first step of peritoneal metastasis, enhancing crosstalk between tumor cells and HPMCs and promoting peritoneal metastasis [136]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.