Within the cell, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is triggered by the oligomerization of NLRP3, a cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptor, upon a variety of stress signals (both endogenous and exogenous), including viral infections; once assembled, the NLRP3 inflammasome recruits and promotes the autocatalytic activation of caspase-1, which in turn starts a signaling cascade eventually culminating in pyroptotic cell death [27]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and viral infectious disease.