IL-37 expression levels were found to be increased 44.43-fold in samples from BLCA (n = 411) compared to those from non-BLCA individuals (n = 30, Mann–Whitney p = 1.44 × 10−10), and 35-fold in tumors compared to paired adjacent normal tissues from BLCA individuals (n = 19; p = 2.26 × 10−3) (Figure 1A, Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene IL37 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma.