AKT1 and premature menopause: The signaling pathways involved in GC OS leading to POF and PCOS may include the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, FOXO1 pathway, p53/SIRT1 pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, AMPK/Nrf2 pathway, Nrf2/ARE pathway, HIF-1α/BNIP3, etc. [32,33,34,35,36].