Xanthine oxidase (XO), enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, cyclooxygenase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) have been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes [19,20]. Here, XDH is linked to atherosclerosis.