Obesity and metabolic syndrome have been reported as conditions in which subacute chronic inflammation is a common and potentially unifying mechanistic cause and is accompanied by activation of at least two major inflammatory pathways: stress-activated Jun N-terminal kinases and the transcription factor NF-κB [8,42,43,44,45,46,47]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.