The role of CD4+ T cells is controversial because, recently, Sakkas and collaborators demonstrated that in SSc a great number of T cells of TH2 type is detected, producing pro-fibrotic IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31; in addition, CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are increased in skin lesions, and cause fibrosis and endothelial cell apoptosis [15]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is systemic sclerosis.