An innovative approach in our study design might be the dichotomy of the initial cohort (PD-1 inhibitors or PD-L1 inhibitors as first- or second-line treatment vs. without any ICI as therapy in native patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC), which allowed an interesting comparison of the predictive power of biomarkers on pre-treatment FDG-PET/CT scans between both patient groups. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.