INS and cyclic hematopoiesis: GDM-IFH (17.5%, OR 1.946 [1.277–2.967], p = 0.002) as well as GDM-CH women were more likely to require insulin therapy (34.2%, OR 4.317 [2.915–6.392], p < 0.001) compared to GDM-IPH women (8.9%).