Curcumin induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells through a Fas receptor/caspase-8 pathway independent of p53 and is hypothesized to act through a membrane-mediate mechanism [104] Curcumin has also been shown to block the NF-kappaB cell survival pathway and suppress the apoptotic inhibitor, x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). The gene discussed is XIAP; the disease is melanoma.