The study demonstrates that abdominal surgery and resection of pancreatic ductal carcinoma induces inflammation in the liver, which converts micrometastasis-suppressing hepatic stellate cells into hepatic myofibroblasts, which in turn promote the outgrowth of micrometastases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2)- and CXCL-8/IL-8-dependent manner [328]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF10B and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.