ADRB2 and neoplasm: Direct mechanisms of tumor stimulation by stress include suppression of anoikis, suppression of apoptosis through induction of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL), myeloid leukemia cell differentiation (MCL), suppression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), induction of phosphorylation of FAK, activation of AR-β2 signaling and acceleration of tumor progression in a variety of animal models [339].