ICOS and colorectal cancer: Included among these 35 gene targets (Table 1) are: (1) 28 pro-inflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1B, CRP, CCL17, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCR2); (2) 12 genes previously associated with prevention of T-cell specific apoptosis (CRP, CXCL2, EGR1, ICOS, IKZF2, IL7, IL9, IL11, IL1B, NFATC2, PDCD1LG2, and TGFB); and (3) 14 genes associated with colorectal cancer metastases (CRP, CTLA4, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCR2, GJA1, HGF, IL11, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, S100A9, SNAI2, and TGF-β).