The study found 32 biomarkers, including perturbations in amino acid catabolism, bile acid metabolism, citrate cycle, fatty acid oxidation, ketone body synthesis, phospholipid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism, associated with HCC with 100% sensitivity in detecting patients with HCC (100% specificity in first validation set and 94.7% in the second), even when AFP levels were less than 20 ng/mL. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.