In characterizing any sample ACC cells, exome sequencing of at least driver- (TP53, MEN1, PRKAR1A, CTNNB1, APC, ZNRF3, IGF2, EGFR, RB1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RET, GNAS and PTEN) and steroidogenesis-related (CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3B2, HSD17B4, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, MC2R, AT1R) genes should be performed, if not more comprehensive sequencing. Here, GNAS is linked to adrenal cortex carcinoma.