In opposition to its pro-survival role, autophagy is also involved in the degradation of the fusion proteins PML-RARA and BCR-ABL which contribute to antileukemic responses in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), respectively [86,89]. The gene discussed is RARA; the disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.