Neural progenitor cells engineered to differentiate to astrocytes and to secrete GDNF (CNS10-NPC-GDNF) were produced under good manufacturing practice for a phase I/IIa clinical trial (NCT02943850) to test the safety of unilateral spinal cord injection in a small cohort of ALS patients [189]. This evidence concerns the gene GDNF and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.