In comparison with the control group, V-Navo@gel caused a decrease of the naïve T cells and TCM while an increase of TEM of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that V-Navo@gel induced a conversion from naïve and central memory T cells to effector memory T cells for the rapid eradication of tumor recurrence (Fig. 4k). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.