After testing for significant ACEs (P <0.05 after Bonferroni correction, see Supplementary Table S8), a significant path consisting of 14 nodes (with only two genes not perturbed) and 13 edges (with high pairwise correlation) between source node ATG16L1 (Gene ID: 55054) and sink node CCR5 (Gene ID: 1234) has been found and compared with COVID-19 literature in the legend of Fig. 2. Here, CCR5 is linked to COVID-19.