CASP1 and acute kidney injury: IHC (Figure 4(C)) showed that the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 p20, and IL-1β in the kidney tissues of the IRI group were increased compared with those in the sham group, the sham + hucMSC-Ex group and IRI + hucMSC-Ex, suggesting that hucMSC-Ex can inhibit pyroptosis and improve AKI induced by IRI.