According to the anti-fibrotic effects of gallic acid in other studies, Jin et al. found that treatment of TAC-induced HF CD-1 male mice with GA (100 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks) reduced pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the expression of collagen type I, fibronectin, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The gene discussed is CCN2; the disease is hydrops fetalis.