This has been shown in NOD mice deficient in IL-1 receptors or treated with IL-1 receptor antagonists (Thomas et al., 2004; Gill et al., 2016), TNF receptors (Kagi et al., 1999; Chee et al., 2011), the pro-apoptotic molecule BIM (Krishnamurthy et al., 2015) and mice lacking IFN-γ signaling pathways (Thomas et al., 1998; Chong et al., 2004), and in clinical trials blocking IL-1β in T1D (Moran et al., 2013; Cabrera et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and type 1 diabetes mellitus.