WDR45 and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5: BPAN is characterized as a subtype of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and clinically, patients with WDR45 mutations have a biphasic disease course that begins with global developmental delay in infancy or early childhood, and subsequent progressive cognitive decline, dementia, dystonia, and Parkinsonism in adolescence or early adulthood (8–10).