CITYSCAPE was the first phase II randomized controlled trial to report the efficacy and safety of combining anti-TIGIT and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents [24], while two previous phase I trials had reported favorable tolerance and anti-tumor activity of tiragolumab, an anti-TIGIT agent, plus atezolizumab in various cancers before [99]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.