TFAP2A and breast cancer: TFAP2A and TFAP2B can directly interact with the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, and TFAP2B interacts with the DEAH Box Protein 33 (DHX33), thereby mediating the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), MYC proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) and E-cadherin by transcriptional activation of their promoters, which in turn arrests the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth, invasion and EMT in retinoblastoma and breast cancer [57–62].