Notably, we identified genes such as MTNR1B and C2CD4A that have been implicated in T2D through an impact on pancreatic beta-cell function.43,44 As we used indirect measures of post-challenge insulin resistance that include measurements of circulating insulin, it is not surprising that some genetic variants regulating insulin secretion are also captured by our approach. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.