This work is distinct from previous studies which have either evaluated biomarker performance of circulating miRNAs directed at cancer diagnosis33, focused on differences in miRNA-based BRCA1/2 mutation signatures in the context of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers, or limited analyses to expression measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues29,36. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and neoplasm.