ZMPSTE24 and dilated cardiomyopathy: Among these models, the LmnaG609G mouse model (featuring the mutation 1827C > T; Gly609Gly) closely resembles human phenotypes.305 This includes heightened inflammation markers like IL-6, caspase 1, and Nlrp3, increased oxidative stress, persistent DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest.306,307 In addition, two independently generated mouse models deficient in the Zmpste24 gene (Zmpste24 − /− mice) also exhibit elevated expression of caspase 1 and Nlrp3, severe growth retardation, dilated cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy and premature death.307,308