Furthermore, M2 macrophages secrete pro-fibrogenic mediators, including TGF-β1, which promote the progression of liver fibrosis.157 In brief, the recruitment and mobilization of immune cells, the accumulation of inflammation, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes contributes to the development of liver fibrosis and the aging process (Fig. 3). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.