Next, to understand the role of individual lung-associated cytokines and surfactant in generating AML cells, we treated PBMCs with GM-CSF, TGF-β, IL-10, and Infasurf individually or in combination and assessed the expression of a subset of genes that are differentially expressed in HAM relative to MDM. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.