Therefore, Serpina3c can bind to thrombin and inhibit its activity, reduce the binding of thrombin to PAR-1, and inhibit the phosphorylation of intracellular signals ERK1/2 and JNK, thus reducing the abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs and blocking the progression of atherosclerosis (Figure 6A). Here, MAPK3 is linked to atherosclerosis.