Incipiently, associations between the relative abundance of bacterial taxa and IBD risk genes were tested in a cohort containing 474 individuals, resulting in the identification of a significant association between nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) gene and the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and the identification of an additional 48 IBD-related SNPs (Knights et al. 2014). Here, NOD2 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.