Kidney Injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), sST2, Galectin-3, N-acetyl-κ-d glycosaminidase (NAG), liver-type Fatty acid-binding proteins (L-FABP), insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) are some recent biomarkers that have been studied in terms of CRS (Tan and Sethi, 2014; Rangaswami et al., 2019; Goffredo et al., 2021). Here, HAVCR1 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.