PGF and congenital rubella syndrome: Novel biomarkers such as hepcidin, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), placental growth factor (PlGF), urinary podocin/creatinine ratio (UP/Cr), and urinary cofilin-1 have been found in CRS patients (Nakada et al., 2019; Kim, 2020; Nikorowitsch et al., 2020; Gembillo et al., 2021).