According to cancer markers, serum PSA level and, subsequently PSAD level were significantly higher among PCa patients than BPH patients (PSA; 11 ng/ml vs. 5 ng/ml, respectively; P<0.001, and PSAD; 0.2 ng/ml2vs. 0.08 ng/ml2, respectively; P=0.004). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.