Expression of CD39 ecto-ATPases are determinants of cancer immune evasion (Michaud et al., 2012), and T cells themselves are modulated by eATP (Borges da Silva et al., 2018), hence it remains an outstanding question as to what role, if any, does the collective activity of all the T. gondii CD39 ecto-ATPases play in immune modulation. Here, ENTPD1 is linked to cancer.