Haplotype trend regression of the SNPs identified in Tables 1 and 2 identified five child haplotypes in three genes as being associated with primary cases of clinical malaria: ABO (CAA and GCG), IL13 (GCACT and GTGCT), and TLR4 (AT); as well as four haplotypes in three maternal genes, IFNGR1 (AT(TT) and GC(TT)), IL6 (GCT), and TLR4 (GT). Here, TLR4 is linked to malaria.