Notably, FFAR2KO human lung cancer FFAR2KO A549 and FFAR2KO H1299 cells showed marked increases in cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in response to TLR2 or TLR3 stimulation, accompanied by elevations in NF-κB activation, cAMP levels, and the production of CCL2, IL-6, and MMP2 cytokines. Here, CCL2 is linked to lung cancer.