ACE2 and diabetes mellitus: In vitro assay demonstrated that high glucose levels significantly stimulated ACE2 overexpression in A549 cells.131 The correlation between elevated ACE2 expression and diabetes mellitus was also confirmed in mice models.132 A phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study revealed a significant correlation between elevated ACE2 expression and T2D.133 Furthermore, diabetes patients are often treated with ACE inhibitors and hypoglycemic drugs that can upregulate ACE2 expression.134–137 Notably, elevated ACE2 expression has been directly linked to reinforced viral entry.